New Cases of Rare Amoebic Brain Infection Reported in Kerala, Two Critically Ill

Health authorities in Kerala, India, are closely monitoring the situation following reports of new cases of Amoebic Meningoencephalitis, a severe and often fatal brain infection. Recent updates indicate that at least two individuals are currently in critical condition due to the disease. This worrying development has prompted increased vigilance and public health advisories across the state, especially concerning water-related activities.

Understanding Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

Amoebic Meningoencephalitis, also known as Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), is a very rare but extremely dangerous infection of the brain and its surrounding membranes. It is caused by a microscopic amoeba called Naegleria fowleri, often referred to as the “brain-eating amoeba.” This organism typically thrives in warm freshwater environments, such as lakes, rivers, hot springs, and poorly maintained swimming pools.

The infection occurs when water containing the amoeba enters the body through the nose. From there, the amoeba travels up to the brain, causing severe inflammation and destruction of brain tissue. Unlike other common infections, PAM is not spread from person to person. Symptoms can include severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and confusion, progressing rapidly to seizures, hallucinations, and coma. Due to its aggressive nature, the disease has a very high fatality rate.

Current Situation in Kerala

The latest reports from Kerala highlight the seriousness of the situation. A new case has been identified in a resident from Wandoor, in the Malappuram district, who is currently receiving treatment at Kozhikode Medical College. This adds to the existing concerns, particularly as two other patients are already in critical condition. Public health officials are working to trace the potential sources of infection and to raise awareness about preventive measures.

Preventive Measures and Public Health Advice

Given the severe nature of Amoebic Meningoencephalitis, health experts are emphasizing the importance of taking precautions, especially for individuals engaging in freshwater activities. People are advised to avoid swimming, diving, or putting their heads under water in warm freshwater bodies, particularly during summer months or in areas where such infections have been reported. It is also crucial to ensure that swimming pools are properly chlorinated and maintained.

For those using water from natural sources for bathing or cleaning, it is recommended to use boiled and cooled water or effectively filtered water to prevent any amoeba from entering the nasal passages. While rare, the potential for severe illness makes these preventive steps vital for public safety.

What happens next

Health authorities in Kerala will continue to monitor the situation closely, tracking any new cases and investigating potential sources of infection. Public awareness campaigns are expected to be intensified to educate residents about the risks and necessary precautions related to freshwater exposure. Medical teams at hospitals will remain vigilant in identifying and treating suspected cases, while research into better diagnostic tools and treatment options for this rare infection may also see increased focus.