Mass Repatriation of Afghans Continues from Pakistan and Iran Amidst Humanitarian Concerns

Large-Scale Returns to Afghanistan

A significant number of Afghan nationals are continuing to return to Afghanistan from neighboring countries, primarily Pakistan and Iran. Reports indicate that over 600,000 Afghans have been repatriated in recent times, with this large-scale movement intensifying over the past few weeks and months. This ongoing repatriation effort presents considerable challenges for Afghanistan, which is already grappling with complex humanitarian and economic situations.

The flow of returning individuals includes both registered refugees and undocumented migrants. The numbers are substantial, with some sources reporting over 100,000 Afghans returning home in a single week. More recently, nearly 16,000 migrants reportedly returned from Pakistan and Iran within just one day, highlighting the speed and scale of these movements. Specific figures from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province alone suggest more than 743,000 Afghans have been repatriated from that region, underscoring the broad impact across various border areas.

Context of Repatriation Policies

This surge in returns is largely driven by a recent policy implemented by Pakistan, which began in October, targeting undocumented foreign nationals for deportation. The policy has led to increased pressure on Afghan migrants residing in Pakistan to return to their home country. Similarly, a continuous flow of Afghans has also been returning from Iran, another major host country for Afghan refugees and migrants over several decades.

Border crossings such as Spin Boldak are experiencing immense pressure as they prepare to receive thousands of Afghans daily. These entry points are crucial for processing and providing initial assistance to the returning population, many of whom arrive with very limited resources and face an uncertain future in Afghanistan.

Challenges for Returning Afghans

The returnees often face a daunting array of challenges upon their arrival in Afghanistan. Many have lived outside the country for years, even decades, and may have limited connections or resources within Afghanistan. Key concerns include access to adequate shelter, food security, clean water, and healthcare services. The Afghan economy is struggling, and job opportunities are scarce, making it difficult for returnees to establish livelihoods and integrate back into society.

Humanitarian organizations and local authorities are working to provide assistance, but the sheer volume of people returning places immense strain on existing resources and infrastructure. Ensuring a safe and dignified return, followed by sustainable reintegration, remains a major humanitarian undertaking that requires significant coordination and support.

What happens next

The repatriation process is expected to continue, potentially increasing the number of returnees in the coming months, especially as winter approaches. The Afghan authorities and international aid agencies will likely face ongoing pressure to manage the humanitarian needs of this large population. Long-term strategies for housing, employment, and social integration will be critical for the stability and well-being of these individuals and for Afghanistan as a whole. International attention and support will be essential to address the evolving situation and mitigate potential humanitarian crises.